Results

            When the drop of soap solution was put in the water with the pepper. The soap pushed the pepper to the sides of the bowl. The soap made a 4½-inch hole in the pepper, which is where you get the measurement for the diameter of the circle. Then to get the molecular mass you take the volume of the drop of soap and multiply it by 0.000125 to get 0.0000025. After that you need to get the amu weight of the molecule sodium stearate, and with that information and the number mole we can find how many molecules are in the circle.

Conclusion

            This experiment teaches you the importance of Avogadro’s number; if we did not have this number this experiment would not be possible. Some of the things that I changed in the experiment was the way that I got the volume of the drop of soap. Instead of counting how many drops it takes to fill 10mL. I filled 1mL three times and averaged how many drops it took. 

be for the soap solution was added

after the soap solution was added

                

freezing and melting points

Results

            The purpose of this experiment was to find the melting and freezing points of Cetyl alcohol and Palmitic acid. You can measure the substances freezing point by melting it and measuring the temperature when it turns to a solid. That is what I did with the Cetyl alcohol and the Palmitic acid. The temperature that the Cetyl alcohol melted at was 90 degrees Celsius and the Palmitic acid melted at the same temperature. The freezing point for Cetyl alcohol was 45 degrees. Palmitic acids freezing point was 52 degrees.

Conclusion

            The experiment went very well. I cannot think of any way to improve this experiment. The experiment really shows that different substance have different melting and freezing points. 

        When the substance is a solid 

         When the substance is a liquid 

The kinetic theory of matter      

Results        

When the two glasses of water were completely still, I added one drop of blue food coloring to each glass. One of the glasses had cold water in it while the other had hot water. The food coloring spread very quickly in the hot water. It took about 7 minuets for the whole glass to turn blue. The top of the glass was much faster. It only took a minute to turn blue. With the cold glass, it was a full 20 minutes for it to turn blue. When the coloring was added, it went straight to the bottom of the glass and worked its way up the sides.

Conclusion

       When the coloring was added to the hot glass, it went from the top down, going down the sides and up the middle of the glass. This is the opposite of what the cold glass did. The cold glass went up the sides and down the middle. The reason for this was that the cold glass was colder than the air. So the air warmed up the sides so they were warmer then the center was. So in the cold glass the water went down the center and up the sides where it was warmest. In the hot glass it was switched around. the colder water was on the sides while the warmer water was in the center so the water went up the center and down the sides. The end reason for the coloring to spread through the water is that the molecules are always moving and when the molecules are warmer they move faster. So that is why the glass with warm water spread the food coloring faster.

when coloring was first add to cold glass

 The warm glass of water when the coloring was added

Results

The six different substances that were in the experiment were blue food coloring, grape juice, orange highlighter, brown dry erase marker, black sharpie and lead nitrate mixed with copper nitrate. Almost all of the substances acted differently. The food coloring was carried all the way up to the top with the water, leaving a light blue trail. At the top was dark blue and in between the dark and light blue was a dark red line. The dry erase marker did not move at all also the black sharpie did not move. The high lighter went ¾ up the page. The bottom of the streak was orange and the top was bright yellow. The copper nitrate and lead nitrate mixture was not visible before you put the potassium iodide on.  Once you did though it turned yellow with a small amount brown at the top. The grape juice went all the way to the top of the paper. The higher it got the lighter the color was.  

Conclusion

While doing the experiment I ran out of room on the chromatography paper so I split the substances on two different pieces of paper. Also I think that I may of put to big of a drop of food coloring on the paper. Because the excess food coloring got absorbed by the water on the bottom. 

high lighter being brought up with water

 the two finished chromatography paper